ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ (ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.)

ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ-ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥꯁꯟ ꯃꯣꯜꯗꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥ-ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (0.1–2 mm) ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ-ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

꯱.ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ

ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯋꯦꯠ, ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ-ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯅꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯳꯰꯰꯳, ꯶꯰꯶꯱) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯝ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ: ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ, ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ)ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯕꯤ.꯲꯰꯹ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.꯵꯷꯳-꯳ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯏꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯠ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ, ꯊꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ (ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯛꯂꯤꯡ (ꯗꯤꯜꯌꯨꯠ ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ) ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

꯲.ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥꯁꯟ .

ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ MCheꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ "ꯀꯣꯔ" ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯨꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯇꯑꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯕꯤꯂꯦꯠ (꯴꯵꯰–꯵꯰꯰ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ-ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏ (ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ-ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ) ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯗꯥꯏ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ .<1 mm for high-efficiency models) and distribution.

ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫: ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥꯗꯤꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ (ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯏꯟꯆꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ) ꯀꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ (ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯰.꯵ꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯶ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ) ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯂꯦꯖꯔ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ, ꯋꯥꯜ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯅꯦꯁ-ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯅꯀꯣꯟꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ±꯰.꯰꯲ ꯃꯤꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

꯳.ꯐꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ & ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯍꯤꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ (MCHE ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯨꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ: ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ (0.1–0.2 mm ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯟ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯩ-ꯀꯃꯟ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯨꯚꯔ ꯐꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯇꯔꯕꯨꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯒꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ) ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯐꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯠ ꯀꯟꯕꯔꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ) ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

꯴.ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ (ꯇꯨꯕ-ꯐꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ)

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯀꯣꯔ"-ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯨꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯨꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯂꯋꯨꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯥꯏꯜ (misalignment) ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯒꯦꯞ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ .<0.05 mm to ensure full contact during brazing, minimizing thermal resistance at the interface.

꯵.ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯡ (ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ)꯫

ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯇꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯣꯔ-ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯜꯗꯔꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ-ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ (ꯑꯜ-SI) ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ (ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ~577 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ (ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ .<10⁻³ Pa) and heated to 580–620°C. At this temperature, the flux melts and flows along the tube-fin interfaces, while the aluminum base material remains solid. The vacuum environment eliminates air bubbles, ensuring uniform brazing.

ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ (50–100 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ /ꯄꯨꯡ) ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯛꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫

꯶.ꯀꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯏꯅꯂꯦꯠ/ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯂꯦꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯀꯣꯔ ꯀꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯁꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯗꯥ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯔ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯳꯰꯰×꯴꯰꯰ ꯃꯤ.ꯃꯤ.), ꯍꯤꯠ-ꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯨꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯤꯐꯣꯜꯗ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, M10 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ 1/4 NPT) ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯗꯤꯕꯔꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯚꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫

꯷.ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ & ꯂꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

MCHEꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ (ꯔꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ -ꯑꯦ.ꯁꯤ. ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ) ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: The core is filled with high-pressure nitrogen (1.5–2 times the design working pressure, typically 2–3 MPa) and held for 30–60 minutes. Pressure gauges monitor for drops-any loss >꯰.꯰꯱ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫

ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦ.ꯁꯤ.)ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯥꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ-ꯂꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯱×꯱꯰⁻⁹ ꯄꯥ·ꯑꯦꯝ.꯳/ꯁꯦꯁ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ) ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

8. ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ & ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ (ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ)

ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯦꯔꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯍꯨꯃꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ MCHEꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ:

ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯐꯦꯅꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯟ, ꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯐꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ 20–50 μmꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯀꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯠ 30–60 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ 120–180ꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

꯹.ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯖꯔ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ), (ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯄꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯇꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ) ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫

ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯏꯁꯆꯔ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯨꯐ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯝ-ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯚꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯁꯤ.

ꯍꯥꯏꯂꯤꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯱.

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯝꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯴꯹% ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯟ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯶꯷% ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫

ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯵꯱% ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯹꯹.꯸%ꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯲.

ꯇꯅꯦꯂꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ-ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯵꯳% ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯹꯹.꯷%ꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯈꯤ꯫

ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯵꯷% ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯹꯹.꯷%ꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯈꯤ꯫

꯳.ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ/ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯵꯵%ꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯹꯹.꯸%ꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯈꯤ꯫

ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ 100%ꯗꯤ ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ 100%ꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: ꯋꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯌꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁꯔ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯌꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ